Question 1

What is the standard of care?

Accepted Answer

The minimum level of care, experience and knowledge that is expected from someone responsible for the care of others. Everybody has the right to expect the following standards: Person-centred care, Dignity and respect, Consent, Safety, Safeguarding from abuse, Food and drink, Premises and equipment, Complaints, Good governance, Staffing, Fit and proper staff, Duty of candour, Display of ratings.

Our [Care Certificate training course](https://www.virtual-college.co.uk/courses/health-social-care/care-certificate) is perfect for anyone working in a social care environment to protect those they are responsible for.

Question 2

Is child protection and safeguarding the same?

Accepted Answer

Safeguarding is the policies and procedures that organisations and people have in place to keep children safe and promote their wellbeing, everything from security of buildings to staff recruitment. Child protection is the term used to describe the activity that is undertaken to protect specific children who are suffering or likely to suffer harm.

Check out our [what is the children act](/resources/what-is-the-children-act) article to find out more about child protection.

Question 3

What are the main types of abuse?

Accepted Answer

There are many ways of dividing abuse into types, but these are some: Financial or material abuse, Physical abuse, Neglect/acts of omission, Sexual abuse, Psychological abuse, Organisational abuse, Discriminatory abuse, Self-neglect, Domestic abuse

Check out our article to find out more about the [ten types of abuse you should be aware of](/resources/ten-types-of-abuse-you-should-be-aware-of).

Question 4

What are the six principles of safeguarding?

Accepted Answer

The six principles of safeguarding are:

**Empowerment** – supporting and encouraging people to make their own decisions and informed consent. 
**Prevention** – taking action before harm occurs.
**Proportionality** – offering the least intrusive response appropriate to the risk. 
**Protection** – support and representation for those in greatest need. 
**Partnership** – communities have a part to play in reporting and preventing neglect and abuse; local solutions through services working with their communities. 
**Accountability** – transparency and accountability in safeguarding practice.

Check out our article to find out more about [the six principles of safeguarding](/resources/what-are-the-6-principles-of-safeguarding).

Question 5

What constitutes a breach of duty of care?

Accepted Answer

A breach of duty of care is when a carer or other responsible person fails in the care that they should be giving. A person may be liable for negligence in a personal injury case if their breach of duty caused another person's injuries or mental ill health.

Typical areas of concern are fire safety, health and safety, food safety, personal safety, child and adult protection (plus wider safeguarding such as safer recruitment), equality, bullying, violence, harassment, stress, or discrimination from any source.

Check out our [Safeguarding Everyone Level 2 course](https://www.virtual-college.co.uk/courses/safeguarding/safeguarding-everyone-level-2) to find out more about your safeguarding responsibilities.

Question 6

What constitutes harmful and restrictive practices?

Accepted Answer

A harmful practice is one that is either causing harm now or will in the future. A restrictive practice is one that might be used on an individual demonstrating challenging behaviour; any restriction placed on them must be legally and ethically justified, be necessary to prevent further or serious harm, and be the least restrictive option possible.

Our short guide explains in full what child abuse is and the affects of it, [read more here](/resources/child-abuse-what-is-it).

Question 7

What is early intervention?

Accepted Answer

Doing things as early as possible to support a child’s developmental, health and support needs. Early intervention services give specialised support to children and their families in the early years (birth to school entry).

Early intervention promotes welfare, safety, development and societal stability. It also plays a part in preventing problems developing later and goes a long way in attempting to rectify those which have already begun to manifest.

Early intervention is incredibly important, find out why [here](/resources/why-is-early-intervention-important).

Question 8

What are safeguarding procedures?

Accepted Answer

Procedures and systems provide clear guidance on what to do in various circumstances; they clarify roles and responsibilities. Child protection procedures should be linked with the Local Safeguarding Children’s Board’s own procedures (or the All Wales Child Protection Procedures).

Check out the latest Safeguarding Children Legislation for [England](/resources/safeguarding-children-legislation-in-england), [Wales](/resources/safeguarding-children-legislation-in-wales), [Scotland](/resources/safeguarding-children-in-scotland-legislation) and [Northern Ireland](/resources/safeguarding-children-legislation-in-northern-ireland) to keep fully up to date.

Question 9

What constitutes harm?

Accepted Answer

Any damage – Financial, physical, psychological, sexual, neglect – caused to a vulnerable person. This could be due to another person, or people, deliberately taking advantage of someone. But it could also be the adult or child who is unintentionally putting themselves at risk, simply because they don’t have the right level of support in place.

Our [Safeguarding Everyone Level 2 course](https://www.virtual-college.co.uk/courses/safeguarding/safeguarding-everyone-level-2) explores the signs and symptoms of abuse and harm.

Question 10

What is a safeguarding policy?

Accepted Answer

A policy put in place to ensure vulnerable people are not abused in any way. It makes it clear what an organisation or group will do to keep children and adults safe. It should include a statement setting out the organisation's commitment to protecting all children and adults in its care.

Take a look at our guide which explains what safeguarding in the workplace is [here](/resources/safeguarding-in-the-workplace).

Question 11

What is the aim of safeguarding adults?

Accepted Answer

To protect adults classed as ‘vulnerable’ – this covers people of all ethnicities, genders and religious, and provide them with appropriate care.

The primary aim of safeguarding is to keep an individual safe and prevent further abuse from occurring. It also includes the duty to Promote Individual Wellbeing, the duty to prevent or reduce the likelihood of further Care and Support needs developing and the duty to provide good information and advice.

If you work with vulnerable adults it is essential to have safeguarding training, check out our [Level 2](https://www.virtual-college.co.uk/courses/safeguarding/Safeguarding-adults-level-2) and [Level 3](https://www.virtual-college.co.uk/courses/safeguarding/safeguarding-adults-level-3) Online Safeguarding Adults courses.

Question 12

What is the meaning of duty of care?

Accepted Answer

A moral or legal obligation to ensure the safety and wellbeing of others. It is about individual wellbeing, welfare, compliance and good practice.

All workplaces have a moral and a legal obligation to ensure that everyone associated with the establishment is fully protected from any personal physical and/or emotional harm, either on the premises or when engaged in activities relating to the establishment.

Choose one of our [online CPD approved safeguarding training courses](https://www.virtual-college.co.uk/courses/safeguarding-training) so you fully know your responsibilities when it comes to protecting the vulnerable.

Question 13

A Guide to Case Management Reviews

Accepted Answer

Throughout the UK, formal inquiries are carried out in order to understand and analyse cases where abuse or neglect is known or suspected and a child has died, or been seriously harmed. Each region has its own name for its local inquiries – Case Management Reviews are relevant to Northern Ireland.

Read the full report [here](/resources/a-guide-to-case-management-reviews), where you can also select another region to find out about its type of inquiry.

Question 14

A Guide to Significant Case Reviews

Accepted Answer

Throughout the UK, formal inquiries are carried out in order to understand and analyse cases where abuse or neglect is known or suspected and a child has died, or been seriously harmed. Each region has its own name for its local inquiries – Significant Case Reviews are relevant to Scotland.

Read the whole report [here](/resources/a-guide-to-significant-case-reviews), where you can also select another region to find out about its type of inquiry.

Question 15

Dunmurry Manor Care Home (2018)

Accepted Answer

Dunmurry Manor Care Home opened in 2014, providing specialist dementia care to residents in Belfast. Families of residents and the care inspectorate raised concerns about the home, detailing poor standards of care. Patient buzzers were left unanswered, one resident was sexually abused by another resident, and incidences and records were not appropriately kept or reported to the correct agencies.

The home had failed to properly prepare for admissions, placing residents at increased risk of neglect and psychological distress.

See the whole report [here](/resources/dunmurry-manor-care-home-2018).

Question 16

Orchid View 2013

Accepted Answer

Orchid View was a nursing home owned by Southern Cross Healthcare in West Sussex. There were 19 unexplained deaths at the home between November 2009 and October 2011. In 2011, an anonymous alert to the police was made concerning deaths at the home. Following investigations, it was found five people had died where neglect was a contributory factor and several deaths were attributed to poor care. Worryingly the Care Quality Commission (CQC) had rated the home as ‘good’ in 2010.

Read the whole report [here](/resources/serious-case-review-orchid-view).

Question 17

Safeguarding Adults: What is a Serious Case Review?

Accepted Answer

When it comes to safeguarding adults, reviews are carried out throughout the UK in order to understand and analyse cases where abuse or neglect is known or suspected. Each region has its own name for its reviews – Serious Case Reviews are relevant to Northern Ireland.

Click [here](/resources/what-is-a-serious-case-review) to see the full report, where you can also select another region to find out about its type of review.

Question 18

Safeguarding Adults: What is a Significant Case Review (SCR)?

Accepted Answer

When it comes to safeguarding adults, reviews are carried out throughout the UK in order to understand and analyse cases where abuse or neglect is known or suspected. Each region has its own name for its reviews – Significant Case Reviews are relevant to Scotland

See the full article [here](/resources/safeguarding-adults-what-is-a-significant-case-review) where you can also select another region to find out about its type of review.

Question 19

Steven Hoskin (2007)

Accepted Answer

Steven Hoskin lived alone in St Austell, he had a learning disability placing him at risk of abuse. He was befriended by people who subjected him to abuse.

Prior to his death, Steven had contacted different agencies over 40 times, including the police and health and social care agencies to indicate he felt he was in danger.

Read the whole report [here](/resources/serious-case-review-steven-hoskin).

Question 20

What is a Safeguarding Adult Review?

Accepted Answer

When it comes to safeguarding adults, reviews are carried out throughout the UK in order to understand and analyse cases where abuse or neglect is known or suspected. Each region has its own name for its reviews – Safeguarding Adults Reviews are relevant to England.

Read the full report [her](/resources/what-is-a-safeguarding-adult-review)e, where you can also select another region to find out about its type of inquiry.

Question 21

What is an Adult Practice Review?

Accepted Answer

When it comes to safeguarding adults, reviews are carried out throughout the UK in order to understand and analyse cases where abuse or neglect is known or suspected. Each region has its own name for its reviews – Adult Practice Reviews are relevant to Wales.

Read the full report [here](/resources/what-is-an-adult-practice-review), where you can also select another region to find out about its type of inquiry.

Question 22

Winterbourne View (2012)

Accepted Answer

Adults with learning disabilities and autism living at Winterbourne View hospital were subjected to systematic abuse by members of staff. Most adults living at the hospital were detained under the Mental Health Act 1983. Using the evidence collected by an undercover reporter, South Gloucestershire Council were duty bound to hold a SCR and enable the closure of the service.

Read the whole report [here](/resources/serious-case-review-winterbourne-view).

Question 23

A Guide to Child Practice Reviews

Accepted Answer

Throughout the UK, formal inquiries are carried out in order to understand and analyse cases where abuse or neglect is known or suspected and a child has died, or been seriously harmed. Each region has its own name for its local inquiries – Child Practice Reviews are relevant to Wales.

Read the full report [here](/resources/what-is-a-child-practice-review), where you can also select another region to find out about its type of inquiry.

Question 24

A Guide to Child Safeguarding Practice Reviews

Accepted Answer

Child Safeguarding Practice Reviews (CSPRs) are systematic reviews of serious child safeguarding cases at both a local and national level. They are used to investigate the causes of cases of abuse or neglect to identify whether there are changes that should be made at a local or national level to stop these kinds of cases from happening again.

Read the whole report [here](/resources/a-guide-to-child-safeguarding-practice-reviews).

Question 25

Case Review Process in UK Nations

Accepted Answer

When a child dies or is seriously harmed as a result of abuse or neglect, a review may be conducted. Each UK nation has its own terminology and guidance for carrying out and sharing the learning from the reviews. You can learn more about them all [here](https://learning.nspcc.org.uk/case-reviews/process-in-each-uk-nation).

Question 26

Daniel Pelka (2013)

Accepted Answer

Four-year-old Daniel Pelka was murdered by his mother and her partner, in March 2012, following a period of sustained abuse. Daniel was invisible to professionals, although he came into contact with doctors and arrived at school with visible injuries.

Read the full report [here](/resources/serious-case-review-daniel-pelka) to learn of the findings.

Question 27

Public Inquiry: Holly Wells and Jessica Chapman

Accepted Answer

The [Bichard Inquiry Report](https://dera.ioe.ac.uk/id/eprint/6394/1/report.pdf) of 2004 was commissioned by the government following the conviction of Ian Huntley for the murders of Holly Wells and Jessica Chapman in 2003.

Ian Huntley worked as a caretaker at the school both girls attended. Although Huntley was vetted for the post, including police checks, this failed to identify previous allegations of sexual offences and serious incidences between 1995 and 1999 in two different geographical areas.

Read more [here](/resources/public-inquiry-holly-wells-jessica-chapman).

Question 28

Public Inquiry: Victoria Climbié (2013)

Accepted Answer

In 1998, Victoria Climbié’s parents entrusted her to the care of her great aunt, Maria-Theresa Kouao who lived in Paris. Between July 1999 and February 2000, Victoria experienced horrendous incidences of abuse and torture.

The purpose of the [inquiry](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/273183/5730.pdf) was to find out why Victoria was subjected to ongoing cruelty without appropriate interventions to protect her. Read the whole report [here](/resources/public-inquiry-victoria-climbie).

Question 29

Public Inquiry: Baby P (2009)

Accepted Answer

Peter Connelly (Baby P) died on August 2007 at 17 months of age, following months of abuse carried out by his mother, her new boyfriend and a lodger at the family home. Peter suffered more than 50 injuries and had been visited 60 times by the authorities in the eight months prior to this death.

To read the full serious case review regarding Baby P, click [here](/resources/serious-case-review-baby-p-2009).

Question 30

Whistleblowing Advice: Protect

Accepted Answer

[Protect](https://protect-advice.org.uk/what-is-whistleblowing/) provide free, confidential advice and guidance on whistleblowing, all of which is free of charge and confidential.

Question 31

Skills for Care

Accepted Answer

[Skills for Care](https://www.skillsforcare.org.uk/Home.aspx) offer tools and support to assist the social care workforce to achieve best practice, supporting the implementation of underpinning legislation.

Question 32

The Association of Directors of Adult Social Services (ADASS)

Accepted Answer

The [Association of Directors of Adult Social Services (ADASS)](https://www.adass.org.uk/) promotes high standards of social care services and influences the development of social care legislation and respective policy.

Question 33

The Social Care Institute of Excellence (SCIE)

Accepted Answer

[The Social Care Institute of Excellence (SCIE)](https://www.scie.org.uk/about/) provides guidance on best practice using evidence-based practice. SCIE is a leading support agency and independent charity working with organisations that support adults, families and children working across the UK.

Question 34

Unseen

Accepted Answer

[Unseen](https://www.unseenuk.org/about-us/) is a UK charity that provide safehouses and support in the community for survivors of trafficking and modern slavery. They also run the UK Modern Slavery & Exploitation Helpline on 08000 121 700 and work with individuals, communities, business, governments, other charities and statutory agencies to stamp out slavery for good.

Question 35

The Care Quality Commission (CQC)

Accepted Answer

[The Care Quality Commission](https://www.cqc.org.uk/) inspects and regulates health and social care services in England. It provides guidance for services on safeguarding practice and how they underpin and contribute towards effective safeguarding.

Question 36

The Code of Conduct for Healthcare Support Workers and Adult Social Care Workers in England

Accepted Answer

[The Code of Conduct for Healthcare Support Workers and Adult Social Care Workers in England](https://www.skillsforhealth.org.uk/resources/category/code-of-conduct/) sets out the standard of conduct expected of health and social care workers, including behaviours and attitudes. Although it is non-statutory guidance, it provides a framework for healthcare and social care workers to work within to ensure they maintain professionalism whilst identifying areas for continuing professional development.

Question 37

Local Safeguarding Adults Board

Accepted Answer

Local Safeguarding Adults Boards are multi-agency bodies set up in every local authority. Set up under the Care Act 2014, they lead and coordinate the effectiveness of the safeguarding work of their members and partner agencies to protect adults at risk. Refer to your [Local Authority Safeguarding Board](https://www.safecic.co.uk/sab-england) for local policy and procedures.

Question 38

The Care Act 2014

Accepted Answer

[The Care Act 2014](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2014/23/contents/enacted) established six key safeguarding principles that underpin all adult safeguarding work: empowerment, prevention, proportionality of response, protection, partnership, and accountability. The Care Act balances the right to be safe with the right to make informed choices, whilst also promoting the adult’s wellbeing by outlining ten different types of adult safeguarding risks: physical, financial, sexual, psychological, discriminatory, and organisation abuse; domestic violence; neglect; self-neglect; and modern slavery.

See our Safeguarding Adults courses [here](https://www.virtual-college.co.uk/courses/safeguarding-training).

Question 39

Care and Support Statutory Guidance (Department of Health and Social Care) 2018

Accepted Answer

[Care and Support Statutory Guidance 2018](https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/care-act-statutory-guidance/care-and-support-statutory-guidance) constitutes guidance outlining how organisations and professionals can meet the requirements set out in the Care Act 2014.

Question 40

Mental Capacity Act 2005 and Mental Capacity (Amendment) Act 2019

Accepted Answer

[The Mental Capacity Act 2005](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2005/9/contents) protects people who are unable to make decisions for themselves because of an impairment of the mind due to a stroke or brain injury, mental health illness, dementia, learning disability, confusion, drowsiness or unconsciousness caused by substance misuse or side effect of medication.

[The Mental Capacity (Amendment) Act 2019](https://www.local.gov.uk/publications/mental-capacity-act-2005-easy-read-guide) amends the Mental Capacity Act 2005 and introduces the Liberty Protection Safeguards (LPS) – a new process that will provide protection for people aged 16 and above who are or who need to be deprived of their liberty in order to enable their care or treatment and lack the mental capacity to consent to their arrangements, in England and Wales.

The implementation of the [LPS](https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/mental-capacity-amendment-act-2019-liberty-protection-safeguards-lps) was planned to begin in April 2022, but was delayed in 2021.

See our courses covering the Mental Capacity Act [here](https://www.virtual-college.co.uk/courses/safeguarding-training?q=mental%20capacity).

Question 41

Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006

Accepted Answer

The [Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act (SVGA) 2006](https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/dbs-guidance-leaflets) was passed to help avoid harm, or risk of harm, by preventing people who are deemed unsuitable to work with children and adults at risk from gaining access to them through their work. The Independent Safeguarding Authority was established as a result of this Act.

On 1st December 2012, the Criminal Records Bureau and Independent Safeguarding Authority merged to become the Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS). Organisations with responsibility for providing services or personnel to at-risk groups have a legal obligation to refer relevant information to the service.

Question 42

Health and Social Care Act 2012

Accepted Answer

The [Health and Social Care Act](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2012/7/contents) established a legislative framework to support collaboration and partnership working to integrate services for patients. Among a wide range of other measures, the Act also includes targeted changes to public health, social care and the oversight of quality and safety.

Question 43

Data Protection Act 2018

Accepted Answer

The [Data Protection Act 2018](https://www.scie.org.uk/safeguarding/adults/practice/sharing-information/) sets out the framework for data protection legislation in the UK, replacing the Data Protection Act 1998. It supports the protection of information by outlining how personal data must be stored, collected and processed, and is relevant to adult safeguarding practice because it sets out when information should be shared, and lines of responsibility for the collection and processing of data.

Question 44

Equality Act 2010

Accepted Answer

The [Equality Act 2010](https://www.gov.uk/guidance/equality-act-2010-guidance) protects people from discrimination and harassment in the workplace and in wider society. It replaced previous anti-discrimination laws, making the law easier to understand and strengthening protection in some situations. It sets out the different ways in which it’s unlawful to treat someone.

Question 45

Human Rights Act 1998

Accepted Answer

The [Human Rights Act 1998](https://www.cqc.org.uk/about-us/our-updated-human-rights-approach/human-rights-articles-relevant-health-and-social-care) sets out human rights in a series of ‘Articles’, known as the ‘Convention Rights’. Human rights cannot be taken away from you by anybody, although some rights may not be guaranteed in some circumstances (non-absolute rights); for example, the right to liberty may not be upheld if an individual is detained under the Mental Health Act, making this a non-absolute right.

Question 46

Public Interest Discloser Act 1998

Accepted Answer

An important part of providing care is ensuring a working environment that encourages people to challenge practices in their own workplace. The law offers some protection from victimisation to people who blow the whistle under the Public Interest Disclosure Act (PIDA) 1998. The parameters of ‘protected disclosure’ are set out in the Employment Rights Act (ERA) 1996.

[Protect](https://protect-advice.org.uk/what-is-whistleblowing/) offers free, confidential whistleblowing advice on 020 3117 2520

Question 47

Sexual Offences Act 2003

Accepted Answer

[The Sexual Offences Act (SOA) 2003](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2003/42/contents) modernised the law by prohibiting any sexual activity between a care worker and a person with a mental disorder. A ‘relationship of care’ exists if one person has a mental disorder and another person provides care. It includes doctors, nurses, care workers in homes, workers providing services in clinics or hospitals and volunteers. The offences in the Act relating to care workers apply whether or not the victim appears to consent, and whether or not they have the legal capacity to consent. This does not prevent care workers from providing intimate personal care, so long as the behaviour is not intended to be sexual.

Question 48

Care Information Scotland

Accepted Answer

[Care Information Scotland](https://www.careinfoscotland.scot/) provide information and advice for those who care for someone and those who need care themselves.

Question 49

The Adult Support and Protection (Scotland) Act 2007

Accepted Answer

[The Adult Support and Protection (Scotland) Act 2007](https://www.gov.scot/policies/social-care/adult-support-and-protection/) is designed to protect those adults who are unable to safeguard their own interests and are at risk of harm because they are affected by disability, mental disorders, illness and physical or mental infirmity. ‘Harm’ means all harm, including self-harm and neglect.

The Act requires councils and a range of public bodies to work together to support and protect adults who are unable to safeguard themselves, their property and their rights.

Question 50

Data Protection Act 2018

Accepted Answer

The [Data Protection Act 2018](https://www.scie.org.uk/safeguarding/adults/practice/sharing-information/) sets out the framework for data protection legislation in the UK, replacing the Data Protection Act 1998. It supports the protection of information by outlining how personal data must be stored, collected and processed, and is relevant to adult safeguarding practice because it sets out when information should be shared, and lines of responsibility for the collection and processing of data.

Question 51

Equality Act 2010

Accepted Answer

The [Equality Act 2010](https://www.gov.uk/guidance/equality-act-2010-guidance) protects people from discrimination and harassment in the workplace and in wider society. It replaced previous anti-discrimination laws, making the law easier to understand and strengthening protection in some situations. It sets out the different ways in which it’s unlawful to treat someone.

Question 52

Human Rights Act 1998

Accepted Answer

The [Human Rights Act 1998](https://www.cqc.org.uk/about-us/our-updated-human-rights-approach/human-rights-articles-relevant-health-and-social-care) sets out human rights in a series of ‘Articles’, known as the ‘Convention Rights’. Human rights cannot be taken away from you by anybody, although some rights may not be guaranteed in some circumstances (non-absolute rights); for example, the right to liberty may not be upheld if an individual is detained under the Mental Health Act, making this a non-absolute right.

Question 53

Mental Capacity Act 2005 and Mental Capacity (Amendment) Act 2019

Accepted Answer

[The Mental Capacity Act 2005](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2005/9/contents) protects people who are unable to make decisions for themselves because of an impairment of the mind due to a stroke or brain injury, mental health illness, dementia, learning disability, confusion, drowsiness or unconsciousness caused by substance misuse or side effect of medication.

[The Mental Capacity (Amendment) Act 2019](https://www.local.gov.uk/publications/mental-capacity-act-2005-easy-read-guide) amends the Mental Capacity Act 2005 and introduces the Liberty Protection Safeguards (LPS) – a new process that will provide protection for people aged 16 and above who are or who need to be deprived of their liberty in order to enable their care or treatment and lack the mental capacity to consent to their arrangements, in England and Wales.

The implementation of the [LPS](https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/mental-capacity-amendment-act-2019-liberty-protection-safeguards-lps) was planned to begin in April 2022, but was delayed in 2021.

See our courses covering the Mental Capacity Act [here](https://www.virtual-college.co.uk/courses/safeguarding-training?q=mental%20capacity).

Question 54

National Independent Safeguarding Board

Accepted Answer

The National Independent Safeguarding Board was set up under the Social Services and Well-being (Wales) Act 2014. Specifically, the National Board has three primary duties, these are:

To provide support and advice to Safeguarding Boards, with a view to ensuring that they are effective
To report on the adequacy and effectiveness of arrangements to safeguard children and adults in Wales
To make recommendations to Welsh Ministers as to how those arrangements could be improved

Question 55

Public Interest Discloser Act 1998

Accepted Answer

An important part of providing care is ensuring a working environment that encourages people to challenge practices in their own workplace. The law offers some protection from victimisation to people who blow the whistle under the Public Interest Disclosure Act (PIDA) 1998. The parameters of ‘protected disclosure’ are set out in the Employment Rights Act (ERA) 1996.

[Protect](https://protect-advice.org.uk/what-is-whistleblowing/) offers free, confidential whistleblowing advice on 020 3117 2520

Question 56

Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006

Accepted Answer

The [Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act (SVGA) 2006](https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/dbs-guidance-leaflets) was passed to help avoid harm, or risk of harm, by preventing people who are deemed unsuitable to work with children and adults at risk from gaining access to them through their work. The Independent Safeguarding Authority was established as a result of this Act.

On 1st December 2012, the Criminal Records Bureau and Independent Safeguarding Authority merged to become the Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS). Organisations with responsibility for providing services or personnel to at-risk groups have a legal obligation to refer relevant information to the service.

Question 57

Sexual Offences Act 2003

Accepted Answer

[The Sexual Offences Act (SOA) 2003](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2003/42/contents) modernised the law by prohibiting any sexual activity between a care worker and a person with a mental disorder. A ‘relationship of care’ exists if one person has a mental disorder and another person provides care. It includes doctors, nurses, care workers in homes, workers providing services in clinics or hospitals and volunteers. The offences in the Act relating to care workers apply whether or not the victim appears to consent, and whether or not they have the legal capacity to consent. This does not prevent care workers from providing intimate personal care, so long as the behaviour is not intended to be sexual.

Question 58

Social Services and Well-being (Wales) Act 2014

Accepted Answer

The [Social Services and Well-being (Wales) Act 2014](https://www.gov.wales/working-together-safeguard-people-code-safeguarding-practice) and the scheme it introduces concentrate on the wellbeing of people who need care and support, and carers who need support.

It is about empowering people to have a new relationship with social services, supporting people who deliver social services, and empowering those who deliver social services to co-produce solutions with people who need care and support and carers who need support.

Question 59

The Care Act 2014

Accepted Answer

[The Care Act 2014](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2014/23/contents/enacted) established six key safeguarding principles that underpin all adult safeguarding work: empowerment, prevention, proportionality of response, protection, partnership, and accountability. The Care Act balances the right to be safe with the right to make informed choices, whilst also promoting the adult’s wellbeing by outlining ten different types of adult safeguarding risks: physical, financial, sexual, psychological, discriminatory, and organisation abuse; domestic violence; neglect; self-neglect; and modern slavery.

See our Safeguarding Adults courses [here](https://www.virtual-college.co.uk/courses/safeguarding-training).

Question 60

Adult Safeguarding Operational Procedures: Adults at Risk of Harm and Adults in Need of Protection 2016

Accepted Answer

The [Adult Safeguarding Operational Procedures: Adults at Risk of Harm and Adults in Need of Protection 2016](https://setrust.hscni.net/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Adult_Safeguarding_Operational_Procedures_Adults_at_risk_and_Adults_in_Need_of_Protection_2016_2.pdf) outline the operational aspects of safeguarding adults at risk and are intended for use by all organisations working with, or providing services to, adults, across the statutory, voluntary, community, independent and faith sectors. This includes paid staff and volunteers.

They describe what organisations need to do to provide a safe environment and how to respond appropriately to situations in which an adult is at risk of being harmed or abused.

Question 61

Prevention and Protection in Partnership 2015

Accepted Answer

This policy provides the framework within which social workers, social care providers, health care providers and those involved in the community can work to prevent harm to adults at risk, recognise it, respond to it when it happens, and help those affected obtain justice.

Question 62

The Mental Capacity Act (Northern Ireland) 2016

Accepted Answer

The [Mental Capacity Act (Northern Ireland) 2016](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/nia/2016/18/contents/ni) provides a statutory framework for people who lack capacity to make decisions for themselves, and for those who now have capacity but wish to make preparations for a time in the future when they lack capacity. When the Act is fully commenced, the Mental Health (Northern Ireland) Order 1986 (the 1986 Order) will be repealed for anyone over the age of 16.

Question 63

The Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act (Northern Ireland) 2007

Accepted Answer

[The Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act (Northern Ireland) 2007](https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/articles/disclosure-and-barring-protecting-children-and-vulnerable-adults) was passed to help avoid harm, or risk of harm, by preventing people who are deemed unsuitable to work with children and adults at risk from gaining access to them through their work. The Independent Safeguarding Authority was established as a result of this Act.

On 1st December 2012, the Criminal Records Bureau and Independent Safeguarding Authority merged to become the Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS). Organisations with responsibility for providing services or personnel to at-risk groups have a legal obligation to refer relevant information to the service.

Question 64

The Sexual Offences Order 2008

Accepted Answer

The [Sexual Offences Order 2008](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/nisi/2008/1769/contents) provides for the protection of adults from sexual abuse. It provides a legislative framework for sexual offences, including offences against people with a mental disorder.

Safeguarding FAQs

General Safeguarding

General Safeguarding

What is the standard of care?

Is child protection and safeguarding the same?

What are the main types of abuse?

What are the six principles of safeguarding?

What constitutes a breach of duty of care?

What constitutes harmful and restrictive practices?

What is early intervention?

Safeguarding Procedure

Safeguarding Procedure

What are safeguarding procedures?

What constitutes harm?

What is a safeguarding policy?

What is the aim of safeguarding adults?

What is the meaning of duty of care?

Safeguarding Adults and Serious Practice Reviews

Safeguarding Adults Reviews

A Guide to Case Management Reviews

A Guide to Significant Case Reviews

Dunmurry Manor Care Home (2018)

Orchid View 2013

Safeguarding Adults: What is a Serious Case Review?

Safeguarding Adults: What is a Significant Case Review (SCR)?

Steven Hoskin (2007)

What is a Safeguarding Adult Review?

What is an Adult Practice Review?

Winterbourne View (2012)

Serious Practice Reviews

A Guide to Child Practice Reviews

A Guide to Child Safeguarding Practice Reviews

Case Review Process in UK Nations

Daniel Pelka (2013)

Public Inquiry: Holly Wells and Jessica Chapman

Public Inquiry: Victoria Climbié (2013)

Public Inquiry: Baby P (2009)

Legislation

General Safeguarding Adults Legislation

Whistleblowing Advice: Protect

Skills for Care

The Association of Directors of Adult Social Services (ADASS)

The Social Care Institute of Excellence (SCIE)

Unseen

The Care Quality Commission (CQC)

The Code of Conduct for Healthcare Support Workers and Adult Social Care Workers in England

Local Safeguarding Adults Board

Safeguarding Adults Legislation in England

The Care Act 2014

Care and Support Statutory Guidance (Department of Health and Social Care) 2018

Mental Capacity Act 2005 and Mental Capacity (Amendment) Act 2019

Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006

Health and Social Care Act 2012

Data Protection Act 2018

Equality Act 2010

Human Rights Act 1998

Public Interest Discloser Act 1998

Sexual Offences Act 2003

Safeguarding Adults Legislation in Scotland

Care Information Scotland

The Adult Support and Protection (Scotland) Act 2007

Safeguarding Adults Legislation in Wales

Data Protection Act 2018

Equality Act 2010

Human Rights Act 1998

Mental Capacity Act 2005 and Mental Capacity (Amendment) Act 2019

National Independent Safeguarding Board

Public Interest Discloser Act 1998

Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006

Sexual Offences Act 2003

Social Services and Well-being (Wales) Act 2014

The Care Act 2014

Safeguarding Adults Legislation in Northern Ireland

Adult Safeguarding Operational Procedures: Adults at Risk of Harm and Adults in Need of Protection 2016

Prevention and Protection in Partnership 2015

The Mental Capacity Act (Northern Ireland) 2016

The Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act (Northern Ireland) 2007

The Sexual Offences Order 2008

General Safeguarding Children Legislation

Guidance for Safer Working Practice for those Working with Children and Young People in Education